1.2.2 Productivity and division of labour

a) Definition of productivity: Productivity is the amount of output produced per unit of input (per worker).

b) Factors affecting productivity:

• Land - Fertilizers, drainage, irrigation, and reclamation improve soil fertility which increases agricultural productivity.

• Labour - Labour can affect productivity based on its quality, which can be enhanced through education and training. Migration can also impact productivity due to the increased availability of skilled workers.

• Capital - Productivity levels can be impacted by capital as increased capital and technological advancements boost efficiency and output.

c) Definition of division of labour: Division of labour is the process of breaking down the production process into specific tasks, with each worker specializing in one task.

d) Advantages and disadvantages of the division of labour to workers and businesses.

Advantages to workers:

• Skill development

• Increased employment opportunities

• Time efficiency

Disadvantages to workers:

• Monotony

• Lack of flexibility

• Job vulnerability if the task becomes automated

Advantages to businesses:

• Increased productivity

• Improved quality of products

• Reduced costs

Disadvantages to businesses:

• Dependency

• Lack of employee motivation

• Lack of flexibility